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Nowadays, everybody has a mobile phone. Whether they’re on a contract or a pay as you go tariff, the mobile phone has become an essential item for several people. this article will look at the history of the mobile phone – & its future – in order to discover more about the now essential telecommunications device.

The mobile phone began life as the two-way radio, which was also known as mobile rigs. these were put in vehicles such as minicabs, police cars and ambulances, although were not strictly mobile phones because they were not usually connected to the phone network. whilst the very first mobile phones were permanently installed in vehicles, later versions such as the transportables, also known as bag phones, could be carried, too, and could be used as either mobile or as portable two way radios.

The first mobile telephones were named first generation telephones, also referred to as 1g. The 1g era lasted from the late seventies through to the eighties. these devices were the very first real mobile telephones, although they were then named cellular mobile radiophones, and were based on analogue signals. the analogue signal would be the main difference between these first generation mobile telephones and their second generation cousins, which emerged a while later.

Second generation (2-g) mobile phones were first released in the nineties. Unlike 1-g phones that were analog, 2-g phones use digital technology to provide voice services & for text messaging & wap.

A handful of the advantages of 2-g phones are that they use lower radio signals, which require less battery power. This means that phones last much longer between charges, so batteries – & therefore the telephones themselves – can be made tinier. in addition to this, 2-g phones offer more privacy. Indeed, digital telephone calls are a lot harder to eavesdrop on than 1-g phone calls.

The name 2.5G is used to describe the phone technology that is post 2-g, but not quite 3g. However, while the terms 2-g & 3g are officially defined, the term 2.5G is not. in fact, this definition was invented by marketing bosses only.

After 2-g mobile telephones, 3g mobile phone technology arrived. 3-g is the term applied to the third generation of mobile phone standards and technology.

3-g technologies allow network operators for instance 02 and vodafone to offer their clients a larger range of advanced services, comprising of video calls, and broadband internet.

The very earliest 3-g network was launched by NTT DoCoMo in japan in may of 2001. it was launched commercially in japan on 1 october 2001. the very earliest European pre commercial 3g network was launched at the isle of man by Manx Telecom, who are owned by british telecom, in December 2001.

We hope our article has told you more about the mobile phone’s history. As you’ve probably guessed, the mobile telephone has come a hell of a long way & will continue to progress even further.

4g technology will certainly give the mobile phone a new lease of life, potentially offering the live streaming of tv & radio shows plus a whole lot more besides. For the mobile phone, it is clear that the sky’s the limit.

Many cheap and free audio conference call services use access numbers beginning with 08xx. The more common are 0871, 0870, 0844 and 0845 numbers. These number ranges are known as non-geographic or ‘NGN’ numbers. Whilst these are accessible from most landlines and mobile networks in the UK, there is no guarantee that you will be able to connect to them from overseas. There are a number of reasons for this, which are documented in this article.

NGNs and telecoms interconnect agreements

International telephone carriers such as British Telecom in the UK, AT and T in the US, Telefonica in Spain, and Deutsche Telekom in Germany sign up to agreements as to what type of traffic they will pass between each other. These are complex commercial and technical contracts called telecoms interconnect agreements.

All telecoms interconnect agreements include interconnection between ‘normal’ geographical numbers in the respective countries. For instance, you will definitely be able to call, say, a London number beginning with 0207 from any country in the world. It would not make economic sense for calls to London not to be supported.

In reality calls to all numbers beginning with 01 and 02 are supported as these cover almost all the standard phone numbers in the UK.However, calls to 08xx numbers are often NOT included in these agreements. Even when they are, the prices charged to connect are often outrageously high.

In Summary: There is no guarantee you will be able to connect to an 0871, 0870, 0844 or 0845 number from abroad and even if you can, you are likely to be charged an extortionate fee for the privilege.

The overseas NGN connection rip-off

One of the main reasons why overseas telephone operators do not like to connect to NGNs is the revenue sharing model around which they are based. When you call an NGN, your telephone company charges you and then passes on a percentage of what they make on the call to the owner (or renter) of the NGN in commission.The amount of commission varies considerably by number range from a few pennies a minute on the 0871 numbers down to a few fractions of a penny (or even nothing at all) on the 0845 numbers.

This mechanism works well within the UK since all the UK operators work within UK law and are able to pass commission payments around easily.The sums involved are often very small and hence it would be difficult to do this economically when you have overseas transactions or currency exchange to consider.

This cost and complexity when dealing with NGNs lead many overseas telecoms operators to not bother providing connections to UK NGNs. Those that do often charge very high rates for the calls to cover the extra costs and risks involved.

In Summary: Overseas operators often charge rip-off rates to connect to NGNs in the UK or simply don’t connect your call.

What are the implications for audio conferencing?

If you are using an audio conference provider which requires overseas participants to call a non-geographic number in the UK, i.e. 0871, 0870, 0844 or 0845 there is no guarantee that their connection will work and no way of telling how much it will cost without first checking with the telephone company in the country you are calling from.

Please note, it makes no difference which conference call provider you use. If they issue you with an 08xx access number, you will run into the issues above. If you need reliable overseas access then you must use a service offering which provides local and freephone access to overseas participants via our global virtual private network (VPN). A VPN can be thought of as a private telephone network for the use of our customers only.